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Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user interfaces with and without an overview

Soumis par admin le jeu, 05/08/2008 - 15:39.
Published in

Publication Type:

Journal Article

Authors:

Hornb{\ae}k, K.; Bederson, B.B.; Plaisant, C.

Source:

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), Volume 9, p.362-389 (2002)

Keywords:

experimentation; human factors; information interfaces and presentation; Information Visualization; interaction styles; levels of detail; maps; measurements; navigation; overview; oveview+detail interfaces; performance; usability; user interfaces; zoomable user inte

Abstract:

The literature on information visualization establishes the usability of interfaces with an overview
of the information space, but for zoomable user interfaces, results are mixed.We compare zoomable
user interfaces with and without an overview to understand the navigation patterns and usability
of these interfaces. Thirty-two subjects solved navigation and browsing tasks on two maps. We
found no difference between interfaces in subjects? ability to solve tasks correctly. Eighty percent
of the subjects preferred the interface with an overview, stating that it supported navigation and
helped keep track of their position on the map. However, subjects were faster with the interface
without an overview when using one of the two maps. We conjecture that this difference was due
to the organization of that map in multiple levels, which rendered the overview unnecessary by
providing richer navigation cues through semantic zooming. The combination of that map and the
interface without an overview also improved subjects? recall of objects on the map. Subjects who
switched between the overview and the detail windows used more time, suggesting that integration
of overview and detail windows adds complexity and requires additional mental and motor effort.

Portrait de admin

Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information

Soumis par admin le jeu, 05/08/2008 - 15:39.
Published in

Publication Type:

Journal Article

Authors:

Mackinlay, J.

Source:

ACM Trans. Graph, Volume 5, p.110-141 (1986)

Keywords:

artificial intelligence; computer graphics; designs; effectiveness; ergonomics; human visual system; Information Storage \& Retrieval -- methods; tools and techniques; user interfaces

Abstract:

The goal of the research described in this paper is to develop an application-independent presentation tool that automatically designs effective graphical presentations (such as bar charts, scatter plots, and connected graphs) of relational information. Two problems are raised by this goal: The codification of graphic design criteria in a form that can be used by the presentation tool, and the generation of a wide variety of designs so that the presentation tool can accommodate a wide variety of information. The approach described in this paper is based on the view that graphical presentations are sentences of graphical languages. The graphic design issues are codified as expressiveness and effectiveness criteria for graphical languages. Expressiveness criteria determine whether a graphical language can express the desired information. Effectiveness criteria determine whether a graphical language exploits the capabilities of the output medium and the human visual system. A wide variety of designs can be systematically generated by using a composition algebra that composes a small set of primitive graphical languages. Artificial intelligence techniques are used to implement a prototype presentation tool called APT (A Presentation Tool), which is based on the composition algebra and the graphic design criteria.

Portrait de admin

Usability Engineering for Augmented Reality: Employing User-Based Studies to Inform Design

Soumis par admin le jeu, 05/08/2008 - 15:39.
Published in

Publication Type:

Journal Article

Authors:

Gabbard, J.L.; II, J.E.S.

Source:

Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 14, p.513-525 (2008)

Keywords:

and virtual realities; Artificial; augmented; Evaluation/methodology; Graphical user interfaces; User Interfaces; User-centered design

Abstract:

A major challenge, and thus opportunity, in the field of human-computer interaction and specifically usability engineering is designing effective user interfaces for emerging technologies that have no established design guidelines or interaction metaphors or introduce completely new ways for users to perceive and interact with technology and the world around them. Clearly, augmented reality is one such emerging technology. We propose a usability engineering approach that employs user-based studies to inform design, by iteratively inserting a series of user-based studies into a traditional usability engineering lifecycle to better inform initial user interface designs. We present an exemplar user-based study conducted to gain insight into how users perceive text in outdoor augmented reality settings and to derive implications for design in outdoor augmented reality. We also describe ?lessons learned? from our experiences conducting user-based studies as part of the design process.

Portrait de admin

Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information

Soumis par admin le ven, 02/08/2008 - 21:38.
Published in

Publication Type:

Journal Article

Authors:

Mackinlay, J.

Source:

ACM Trans. Graph, Volume 5, p.110-141 (1986)

Keywords:

artificial intelligence; computer graphics; designs; effectiveness; ergonomics; human visual system; Information Storage \& Retrieval -- methods; tools and techniques; user interfaces

Abstract:

The goal of the research described in this paper is to develop an application-independent presentation tool that automatically designs effective graphical presentations (such as bar charts, scatter plots, and connected graphs) of relational information. Two problems are raised by this goal: The codification of graphic design criteria in a form that can be used by the presentation tool, and the generation of a wide variety of designs so that the presentation tool can accommodate a wide variety of information. The approach described in this paper is based on the view that graphical presentations are sentences of graphical languages. The graphic design issues are codified as expressiveness and effectiveness criteria for graphical languages. Expressiveness criteria determine whether a graphical language can express the desired information. Effectiveness criteria determine whether a graphical language exploits the capabilities of the output medium and the human visual system. A wide variety of designs can be systematically generated by using a composition algebra that composes a small set of primitive graphical languages. Artificial intelligence techniques are used to implement a prototype presentation tool called APT (A Presentation Tool), which is based on the composition algebra and the graphic design criteria.

Portrait de admin

Navigation patterns and usability of zoomable user interfaces with and without an overview

Soumis par admin le lun, 01/21/2008 - 21:28.
Published in

Publication Type:

Journal Article

Authors:

Hornb{\ae}k, K.; Bederson, B.B.; Plaisant, C.

Source:

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), Volume 9, p.362-389 (2002)

Keywords:

experimentation; human factors; information interfaces and presentation; Information Visualization; interaction styles; levels of detail; maps; measurements; navigation; overview; oveview+detail interfaces; performance; usability; user interfaces; zoomable user inte

Abstract:

The literature on information visualization establishes the usability of interfaces with an overview
of the information space, but for zoomable user interfaces, results are mixed.We compare zoomable
user interfaces with and without an overview to understand the navigation patterns and usability
of these interfaces. Thirty-two subjects solved navigation and browsing tasks on two maps. We
found no difference between interfaces in subjects? ability to solve tasks correctly. Eighty percent
of the subjects preferred the interface with an overview, stating that it supported navigation and
helped keep track of their position on the map. However, subjects were faster with the interface
without an overview when using one of the two maps. We conjecture that this difference was due
to the organization of that map in multiple levels, which rendered the overview unnecessary by
providing richer navigation cues through semantic zooming. The combination of that map and the
interface without an overview also improved subjects? recall of objects on the map. Subjects who
switched between the overview and the detail windows used more time, suggesting that integration
of overview and detail windows adds complexity and requires additional mental and motor effort.

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