Aline Crédeville vie et recherche entremêlées

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Longtemps r\'eserv\'e aux biblioth\'ecaires ou autres professionnels de la documentation, la recherche d'information est aujourd'hui devenue une activit\'e courante pour un grand nombre d'utilisateurs. Les interfaces graphiques de recherche rel\`event presque toutes d'un mod\`ele unique primaire . un champ de saisie uniligne et un bouton permettant de valider la requ\^ete sasie dans le champ. Face \`a la diversit\'e des individus et de leurs besoins en informations, de nombreuses techniques de visualisation et d'interaction innovante ont \'emerg\'es ces dix derni\`eres ann\'ees. Pourtant ces innovations sont rarement utilis\'es et le but de cet article est de faire le point sur l'\'etat de l'art des techniques de visualisation et d'interaction qui peuvent \^etre pertinentes pour la recherche d'information.

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Introduction. This paper investigates the ways in which spatial factors have been approached in information seeking studies. The main attention was focused on studies discussing information seeking on the level of source selection and use. Method. Conceptual analysis of about 100 articles and books thematizing spatial issues of information seeking. Due to research economy, the main attention was paid to studies on everyday life information seeking. Results. Three major viewpoints were identified with regard to the degree of objectivity of spatial factors. The objectifying approach conceives of spatial factors as external and entity-like qualifiers that primarly constrain information seeking. The realistic-pragmatic approach emphasizes the ways in which the availabilty of information sources in different places such as daily work environments orient information seeking. The perspectivist approach focuses on how people subjectively assess the significance of various sources by means of spatial constructs such as information horizons. Conclusion. Spatial factors are centrally important contextual qualifiers of information seeking. There is a need to further explore the potential of the above viewpoints by relating the spatial and temporal factors of information seeking.

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